Are all profile stops improper? - Answers

For the USA, in theory, yes. There are a few exceptions, but mostly it revolves around the reasonable doubt laws. If an officer sees you driving improperly, or playing your music at really loud bass levels, or riding so low (slouched down) that you can barely see over the dashboard, (s)he has to make certain assumptions based on his/her experiences/training. Generally, though, it is improper to do it in most locals unless there is a law within that state/county/city/municipality/township that revokes that law. Most of them wont do that though as they do not wish to go against federal mandates and federal mandates are antidiscriminatory. The important thing to do is to research the law for your location and any you plan to visit.